ABSTRACT
Acute severe symptoms and long-term sequelae caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are still major concerns for public health. In particular, it is an emerging need to prevent the overburn of health workers as well as the collapse of health care systems. To reach this purpose, it should be necessary to evaluate a standardized pre-hospital management for COVID-19 patients, but data about it are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present chapter is to analyze the in-hospital gesture hypothesizing its reproducibility at bedside.Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials assessed were focused on the following topics: (1) early diagnosis through viral demonstration and serological testing;(2) home setting evaluation;(3) standardized multidimensional assessment of COVID-19 patients, including an early identification of specific clinical symptoms as well as a prognostic stratification through laboratory biomarkers and portable imaging techniques;(4) safe and easily administrable drugs, considering both new medications and repurposed molecules;(5) protocols regarding bedside oxygen therapy, prone positioning, and pulmonary rehabilitation.To date, several procedures for the in-hospital management of COVID-19 patients could be easily and safely applied in the outpatients' care. The institution of dedicated international open-access data banks could be useful to realize standardized pre-hospital protocols, and the implementation of remote approaches could provide the possibility to guarantee a continuous follow-up for these patients. Global efforts focused on this goal could represent the only way to decrease the pressure on health care systems and to restore their essential function, still allowing an effective management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 stages. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.